thepage="Atomic Theory - deBroglie's Principle"
//11/18/02-updated netscape 7
//globals
//refnumber=45
attempts=0
totl=0
tried=0
corrt=0
h="6.626e-34"
mass=0
speed=0
wave=0
velocity=0
lightspeed=3e8
fract=0
percent=0
ans=0
function parts(p1,p2,p3,p4,p5){
        this.p1=p1
        this.p2=p2
        this.p3=p3
        this.p4=p4
        this.p5=p5
}
debroglie=" λ = h / (m × v)"
eqns=new Array()
eqns[1]=debroglie
eqns[2]=debroglie
eqns[3]=" v = h / (m × λ)"
eqns[4]=debroglie
question=new Array()
ansphrase=new Array()
question[1]=new parts("What is the wavelength of "," traveling at a velocity of "," m/sec?")
ansphrase[1]=new parts("This a straighforward application of the deBroglie relationship.<br> Plancks constant=6.626&#215;10<sup>-34</sup>kg-m<sup>2</sup>/sec<br>The mass of ","kg<br>The velocity is ","m/sec<br>Substituting these into the equation yields:<br>")
question[2]=new parts("What is the wavelength of "," traveling at a velocity which is ","% of the speed of light?")
ansphrase[2]=new parts("Then, this a straighforward application of the deBroglie relationship.<br> Plancks constant=6.626&#215;10<sup>-34</sup>kg-m<sup>2</sup>/sec<br>The mass of ","kg<br>The velocity is ","m/sec<br>Substituting these into the equation yields:<br>")
question[3]=new parts("What is the velocity of "," if it has a wavelength of "," meters?")
ansphrase[3]=new parts("This an application of the deBroglie relationship rearranged to solve for the  velocity.<br> Plancks constant=6.626&#215;10<sup>-34</sup>kg-m<sup>2</sup>/sec<br>The mass of ","kg<br>The wavelength is ","m<br>Substituting these into the equation yields:<br>")
question[4]=new parts("If "," has a wavelength of "," meters, what percentage of the speed of light is its velocity?")
ansphrase[4]=new parts("This an application of the deBroglie relationship rearranged to solve for the  velocity.<br> Plancks constant=6.626&#215;10<sup>-34</sup>kg-m<sup>2</sup>/sec<br>The mass of ","kg<br>The wavelength is ","m<br>Substituting these into the equation yields:<br>")
sets=new Array()
sets[1]=new parts("an electron",9.11e-31,"9.11&#215;10<sup>-31</sup>")
sets[2]=new parts("a proton",1.67e-27,"1.67&#215;10<sup>-27</sup>")
sets[3]=new parts("a neutron",1.67e-27,"1.67&#215;10<sup>-27</sup>")

function startit(){
	clear()
	totl++
	document.forms[0].results.value=""
	document.forms[0].total.value=totl
	qtype=Math.ceil(4*Math.random())
	ptype=Math.ceil(3*Math.random())
	buildquest(qtype,ptype)
}
function buildquest(qtype,ptype){
	fraction=0
	while(fraction<.1 || fraction>.9) fraction=Math.round(100*Math.random())/100
	percent=Math.round(100*fraction)
	velocity=sigfigs(fraction*lightspeed)
	wave=sigfigs(h/(sets[ptype].p2*velocity))
	choice=new Array(0,scinot(velocity),percent,scinot(wave),scinot(wave))
	aset=new Array(0,wave,wave,velocity,percent)
	thequest=question[qtype].p1+sets[ptype].p1+question[qtype].p2+choice[qtype]+question[qtype].p3;
	showquest(thequest)
	ans=aset[qtype]
	buildanswer(qtype,ptype,ans)
}
function buildanswer(qtype,ptype,ans){
	theanswer=""
	inserted=""
	if(qtype==2)inserted="First, you determine the velocity<br>velocity=3.00&#215;10<sup>8</sup>&#215;"+percent+"/100="+scinot(velocity)+"<br>"
	theeqn=buildeqn(qtype,ptype,ans)
	theanswer="The deBrogile equation relates a particle's mass, velocity and wavelength:"+debroglie+"<br>"
	if(qtype<3)given=scinot(velocity);
	else given=scinot(wave);
	theanswer=theanswer+inserted+ansphrase[qtype].p1+sets[ptype].p1+"="+sets[ptype].p3+ansphrase[qtype].p2+given+ansphrase[qtype].p3+theeqn
	if(qtype==4)theanswer=theanswer+"<br>Converting this to a percentage:("+scinot(velocity)+"/3&#215;10<sup>8</sup>)&#215;100="+ans+"%"
}
function buildeqn(qtype,ptype,ans){
	if(qtype<3)lastone=scinot(ans)+"meters"
	else lastone=scinot(velocity)+"m/sec"
	scih=scinot(h)
	if(qtype<3)theeqn=scih+"/("+sets[ptype].p3+"&#215;"+scinot(velocity)+")="+lastone
	else theeqn=scih+"/("+sets[ptype].p3+"&#215;"+scinot(wave)+")="+lastone
	return theeqn
}
function answer(theans){
	if(tried==1)alert("You've done this one. Get a new problem.")
	else{
	if(tried==2){totl++;document.forms[0].total.value=totl}
	attempts++
	if(theans>.95*ans & theans<1.05*ans){
		document.forms[0].results.value="Correct"
		corrt++
		document.forms[0].correct.value=corrt
		tried=1
	}
	else{
		document.forms[0].results.value="Incorrect"
		tried=2
	}
}}
function sigfigs(f){
ex=0
if(f>1000){
	while(f>1000){
        ex++
        f=f/10
}
f=Math.round(f)/100
ex=ex+2
f=""+f
if(f.length==1){f=f+"."}
while(f.length<4){f=f+"0"}
f=f+"e"+ex
return f
}
else{if(f<100){
while(f<100){
        ex++
        f=f*10
}
f=Math.round(f)/100
ex=2-ex
f=""+f
if(f.length==1){f=f+"."}
while(f.length<4){f=f+"0"}
if(ex!=0){f=f+"e"+ex}
return f}
else{
f=Math.round(f)/100+"e"+2
f=""+f
if(f.length==1){f=f+"."}
while(f.length<4){f=f+"0"}
return f
}
}
}
function scinot(x){
	split=x.indexOf("e")
	coeff=x.substring(0,split)
	expon=x.substring(split+1,x.length)
	sciform=coeff+"&#215;10<sup>"+expon+"</sup>"
	return sciform
}