//Acids & Bases - Acid/Base Solutions Mastery Script
//updated 11/14/00-added complete solution
//updated 11/18/02-netscape 7
//global variables
thepage="Acid/Base Solutions Mastery"
//refnumber=114
ctype=p=0
theanswer=""
ansset=new Array()
neat=new Array()
/*
function clear(){
	document.forms[0].theans.value=""
	document.forms[0].results.value=""
	attempts=0
	tried=0
	clearansspot()
	}
function cleanse(){
	clear()
	document.forms[0].total.value=0
	document.forms[0].correct.value=0
	}
*/
function species(name,formula,conj,K,type){
      this.name=name
      this.formula=formula
      this.conj=conj
	this.K=K
	this.type=type

}
//the following area is the data:name of species, formula,formula of conjugate
//K value and type
compound=new Array()
//strong acids-last entry is a 1
compound[1]=new species("Hydrochloric Acid","HCl","Cl<SUP>-</SUP>",1,1)
compound[2]=new species("Hydroiodic Acid","HI","I<SUP>-</SUP>",1,1)
compound[3]=new species("Hydrobromic Acid","HBr","Br<SUP>-</SUP>",1,1)
compound[4]=new species("Perchloric Acid","HClO<SUB>4 </SUB>","ClO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",1,1)
compound[5]=new species("Nitric Acid","HNO<SUB>3</SUB>","NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",1,1)
//weak acids-last entry is a 2
compound[6]=new species("Acetic Acid","CH<SUB>3</SUB>COOH","CH<SUB>3</SUB>COO<SUP>-</SUP>",1.8e-5,2)
compound[7]=new species("Acrylic Acid ","C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",5.5e-5,2)
compound[8]=new species("Benzoic Acid","C<SUB>7</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>7</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",6.3e-5,2)
compound[9]=new species("Chloroacetic Acid","C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>3</SUB>ClO<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>ClO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",1.4e-3,2)
compound[10]=new species("Chlorous Acid","HClO<SUB>2</SUB>","ClO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",1.1e-2,2)
compound[11]=new species("Cyanic Acid","HOCN","OCN<SUP>-</SUP>",3.5e-4,2)
compound[12]=new species("Formic Acid","HCO<SUB>2</SUB>H","HCO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",1.8e-4,2)
compound[13]=new species("Hydrofluoric Acid","HF","F<SUP>-</SUP>",6.6e-4,2)
compound[14]=new species("Nitrous Acid","HNO<SUB>2</SUB>","NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",7.2e-4,2)
compound[15]=new species("Hydrazoic Acid","HN<SUB>3</SUB>","N<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",1.9e-5,2)
compound[16]=new species("Propionic Acid","C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",1.3e-5,2)
compound[17]=new species("Hypochlorous Acid","HOCl","OCl<SUP>-</SUP>",2.9e-8,2)
compound[18]=new species("Dichloroacetic Acid","C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB></SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",5.5e-2,2)
compound[19]=new species("Thiophenol","C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>SH","C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>S<SUP>-</SUP>",3.2e-7,2)
compound[20]=new species("Butyric Acid","C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>7</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",1.5e-5,2)
compound[21]=new species("Phenylacetic Acid ","C<SUB>8</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>8</SUB>H<SUB>7</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",4.9e-5,2)
compound[22]=new species("Fluoroacetic Acid","C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>3</SUB>FO<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>FO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",2.6e-3,2)
compound[23]=new species("Trichloroacetic Acid","C<SUB>2</SUB>HCl<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>",.3,2)
compound[24]=new species("Pyridinium Chloride","C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>NCl","C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>NCl<SUP>-</SUP>",6.67e-6,2)
//weak bases-last entry is a 3
compound[25]=new species("Ammonia","NH<SUB>3</SUB>","NH<SUB>4</SUB><sup>+</sup>",1.8e-5,3)
compound[26]=new species("Aniline","C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB><sup>+</sup>",7.4e-10,3)
compound[27]=new species("Codeine","C<SUB>18</SUB>H<SUB>21</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB>","C<SUB>18</SUB>H<SUB>22</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB><sup>+</sup>",8.9e-7,3)
compound[28]=new species("Ethylamine","C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB><sup>+</sup>",4.3e-4,3)
compound[29]=new species("Piperidine","C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>11</SUB>N","C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>12</SUB>N<sup>+</sup>",1.3e-3,3)
compound[30]=new species("Triethylamine","(C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>N","(C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>NH<sup>+</sup>",5.2e-4,3)
compound[31]=new species("Trimethylamine","(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>N","(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>NH<sup>+</sup>",6.3e-5,3)
compound[32]=new species("Hydroxylamine","NH<SUB>2</SUB>OH","NH<SUB>3</SUB>OH<sup>+</sup>",9.1e-9,3)
compound[33]=new species("Sodium Cyanide","CN<sup>-</sup>","HCN", 1.61e-5 ,3)
compound[34]=new species("Potassium Hyprobromide  ","OBr<sup>-</sup>","HOBr",4e-6,3)
compound[35]=new species("Methylamine","CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>","CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB><sup>+</sup>",4.2e-4,3)
compound[36]=new species("Morphine","C<SUB>17</SUB>H<SUB>19</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB>","C<SUB>17</SUB>H<SUB>20</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB><sup>+</sup>",7.4e-7,3)
compound[37]=new species("Diethylamine","(C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH","(C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>",6.9e-4,3)
compound[38]=new species("Dimethylamine","(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH  ","(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>",5.9e-4,3)
compound[39]=new species("Sodium hypoioide","OI<sup>-</sup>","HOI",4.35e-4,3)
compound[40]=new species("Triethanolamine","C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>15</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB>","C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>16</SUB>NO<SUB>3</SUB><sup>+</sup>",5.8e-7,3)
compound[41]=new species("Pyridine","C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>N","C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>N<sup>+</sup>",1.5e-9,3)
compound[42]=new species("Hydrazine","N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>","N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB><sup>+</sup>",8.5e-7,3)
//Strong bases-last entry is a 4
compound[43]=new species("Potassium Hydroxide","KOH","K<sup>+</sup>",1,4)
compound[44]=new species("Sodium hydroxide","NaOH","Na<sup>+</sup>",1,4)
compound[45]=new species("Cesium Hydroxide","CsOH","Cs<sup>+</sup>",1,4)
compound[46]=new species("Lithium Hydroxide","LiOH","Li<sup>+</sup>",1,4)
//Neutral-last entry is a 5
compound[47]=new species("Sodium Nitrate","NaNO<SUB>3</SUB>","HNO<SUB>3</SUB>",1,5)
compound[48]=new species("Potassium Chloride","KCl", "HCl",1,5)
compound[49]=new species("Cesium Iodide","CsI", "HI", 1,5)
compound[50]=new species("Calcium Bromide","CaBr<SUB>2</SUB>","HBr", 1,5)
choice=new Array("<b>pH</b>","<b>pOH</b>","<b>[H<sup>+</sup>]</b>","<b>[OH<sup>-</sup>]</b>","<b>% ionization</b>")
thetypes=new Array("strong acid","weak acid","weak base","strong base","neutral")
ansphrase=new Array()
ansphrase[0]=new Array("Since "," is a ",", [H<sup>+</sup>] equals C<sub>i</sub>")
ansphrase[1]=new Array("Since "," is a ",", [H<sup>+</sup>] is determined using its K<sub>a</sub> of ")
ansphrase[2]=new Array("Since "," is a ",", [OH<sup>-</sup>]  is determined using its K<sub>b</sub> of ")
ansphrase[3]=new Array("Since "," is a ",", [OH<sup>-</sup>] equals C<sub>i</sub>")
ansphrase[4]=new Array("Since "," is ",", [OH<sup>-</sup>]=[H<sup>+</sup>]=1.00*10<sup>-7</sup>")
keyvalue=new Array(2,2,3,3,2)
starteqn=new Array()
starteqn[1]=new Array("=-log[H<sup>+</sup>]","=14-pH","","=10<sup>-14</sup>/[H<sup>+</sup>]","=[H<sup>+</sup>]/C<sub>i</sub>*100","=C<sub>i</sub>-[H<sup>+</sup>]","=[H<sup>+</sup>]")
starteqn[2]=new Array("=14-pOH","=-log[OH<sup>-</sup>]","=10<sup>-14</sup>/[OH<sup>-</sup>]","","=[OH<sup>-</sup>]/C<sub>i</sub>","=C<sub>i</sub>-[OH<sup>-</sup>]","=[OH<sup>-</sup>]")
function startit(){
	clear()	
	ci=number(Math.random(),2,3)
	if (ci>.5 || ci<.001){startit()}
	else{
		totl++
		document.forms[0].total.value=totl
		var p=Math.floor(7*Math.random())
		var j=Math.ceil(50*Math.random())
		if (j<=5){strongacid(j,ci,p)}
		if (j>=43 & j<=46){strongbase(j,ci,p)}
		if (j>46){neutral(j,ci,p)}
		if (j>5 & j<43){weak(j,ci,p)}
		ctype=compound[j].type-1
		displayvalues()
		assemble(p,j,ci)
		buildanswer(j,ci,p)
		}
}
function assemble(p,j,ci){
	choice[5]="<b>["+compound[j]["formula"]+"]</b>"
	choice[6]="<b>["+compound[j]["conj"]+"]</b>"
	x=choice[p];
	thequest="What would the "+x+" be for a "+ci+" molar solution of "+compound[j]["name"]
	if(j>5 && j<43)thequest+=("(K="+compound[j]["K"]+")?");
	else thequest+="?"
	showquest(thequest)
	}
function displayvalues(){
	for(var j=0;j<7;j++){
		if(ansset[j]==0)neat[j]="0.00";
		else{
		if(ansset[j]<.01)neat[j]=number(ansset[j],3,2);
		else neat[j]=number(ansset[j],3,3)
		}
	}
}
function buildanswer(j,ci,p){
	theanswer=ansphrase[ctype][0]+compound[j].name+ansphrase[ctype][1]+thetypes[ctype]+ansphrase[ctype][2]
	if(ctype==1 || ctype==2)theanswer+=number(compound[j].K,3,2)+".<br> Using the standard approaches yields a value of "+neat[keyvalue[ctype]]
	if(ctype==0)theanswer+="<br>[H<sup>+</sup>]="+ci;
	if(ctype==3)theanswer+="<br>[OH<sup>-</sup>]="+ci;
	if(ctype<2)p==2?theeqn=" which is the answer, in this case.":theeqn=geteqn(p);
	if(ctype>=2 & ctype!=5)p==3?theeqn="which is the answer, in this case.":theeqn=geteqn(p);
	if(ctype==5)theeqn="";
	theanswer+=("<br>"+theeqn+"<br>")
	for(j=0;j<7;j++)theanswer+=(choice[j]+"="+neat[j]+"<br>")
	//document.forms[0].theans.value=ansset[p]	
}
function geteqn(p){
	ctype<2?opt=1:opt=2;
	theeqn=choice[p]+starteqn[opt][p]
	if(opt==1){
		if(p<=1)theeqn+=("=-log["+neat[2]+"]="+neat[0]);
		if(p==1)theeqn+=("=<br>14-"+neat[0]+"="+neat[1]);
		if(p==3)theeqn+=("=1*10<sup>-14</sup>/"+neat[2]+"="+neat[3]);
		if(p==4)theeqn+=("="+neat[2]+"/"+ci+"*100="+neat[4]);
		if(p==5)theeqn+=("="+ci+"-"+neat[2]+"="+neat[5]);
		if(p==6)theeqn+=("="+neat[2]);
	}
	else{
		if(p<=1)theeqn+=("<br>pOH=-log["+neat[3]+"]="+neat[1]);
		if(p==0)theeqn+=("<br>pH=14-"+neat[1]+"="+neat[0]);
		if(p==2)theeqn+=("=1*10<sup>-14</sup>/"+neat[3]+"="+neat[2]);
		if(p==4)theeqn+=("="+neat[3]+"/"+ci+"*100="+neat[4]);
		if(p==5)theeqn+=("="+ci+"-"+neat[3]+"="+neat[5]);
		if(p==6)theeqn+=("="+neat[3]);
	}
	theeqn+="<br>Below are listed the values for the seven variables in such a solution.<br>"
	return theeqn			
}
function weak(j,ci,p){
var Ki=compound[j]["K"]
var first=Math.log((-Ki+Math.sqrt(Ki*Ki+4*Ki*ci))/2)/2.302
       first=number((-first),3,3)
       if (compound[j].type==2){
                pH=first
                pOH=14-pH
        }
        else {
                pOH=first
                pH=14-pOH
	}
	H=Math.pow(10,-pH)
	OH=Math.pow(10,-pOH)
	ion=100*Math.pow(10,-first)/ci
	con=Math.pow(10,-first)
	init=ci-Math.pow(10,-first)
	ansset=new Array(pH,pOH,H,OH,ion,init,con,p)
}
function neutral(j,ci,p){
	var pH=7
	var pOH=7
	H=1e-7
	OH=1e-7
	init=0
	con=0
	ion=0
	ansset=new Array(pH,pOH,H,OH,ion,init,con,p)
}
function strongacid(j,ci,p){
	var pH=-Math.log(ci)/2.302
	var pOH=14-pH
	H=ci
	OH=1e-14/H
	init=0
	con=ci
	ion=100
	ansset=new Array(pH,pOH,H,OH,ion,init,con,p)
}
function strongbase(j,ci,p){
	var pOH=-Math.log(ci)/2.302
	var pH=14-pOH
	OH=ci
	H=1e-14/OH
	init=0
	con=ci
	ion=100
	ansset=new Array(pH,pOH,H,OH,ion,init,con,p)
}
function answer(ans){
	attempts++
	if(tried==1)alert("You've done this one. Get a new problem!");
	else{
	if(tried==2){totl++;document.forms[0].total.value=totl}
	ansr=ansset[ansset[7]]
	if(ans>.95*ansr & ans<1.05*ansr ){ 
    		document.forms[0].results.value="correct"
    		corrt++
		document.forms[0].correct.value=corrt
		tried=1
	}
	else {document.forms[0].results.value="incorrect"
	tried=2}
}}
function convertK(){
	theK=compound[6].K
	theK=number(theK,2,2)
	showquest(K)
}
function constants(){
var cont=window.open("","cont","scrollbars=yes,width=300,height=300")
cont.document.writeln ("<html>");
cont.document.writeln ("<head><title>Ionization Constants</title>");
cont.document.writeln ("</head>");
cont.document.writeln ("<body bgcolor = FFFFFF><b>Acids</b><table>");
for(k=6;k<43;k++){
if(k==25){cont.document.writeln ("<tr><td><b>Bases</b><br></td></tr>")};
theK=compound[k].K
theK=number(theK,2,2)
cont.document.writeln("<tr><td>",compound[k]['name'],"</td><td>");
cont.document.writeln("<td>",compound[k]['formula'],"</td><td>");
cont.document.writeln("<td>",theK,"</td></tr>")};
cont.document.writeln("</table><form><input type=button value='Close Window' onClick='window.close()'></form>");
cont.document.writeln("<html>");
cont.document.close();
cont.focus();
}