thepage="Using Rate Laws(121)"
//updated 11/14/00-added complete solution
var ie4 = (document.all) ? true : false;
//global variables
refnumber=159
attempts=0
which=0
theanswer=""
corrt=0
totl=0
attempts=0
order=0
theanswer=0
option=0
tried=0
order=""
conc=""
constant=0
rate=""
leaveout=0
seq=""
anser=0
function cleanse(){
	clear()
	document.forms[0].total.value=0
	document.forms[0].correct.value=0
	}
function question(p1,p2,p3,p4){
	this.p1=p1
	this.p2=p2
	this.p3=p3
	this.p4=p4
}
therate=new Array(5)
therate[1]=0
therate[2]=0
therate[3]=0
therate[4]=0
therate[5]=0
cmpd=new Array()
coef=new Array()
cmpd[1]=new Array(2,"CH<sub>3</sub>COF ","H<sub>2</sub>O ","CH<sub>3</sub>COOH ","HF")
coef[1]=new Array(-1,-1,1,1)
cmpd[2]=new Array(2,"C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH","O<sub>2</sub>","CO<sub>2</sub>","H<sub>2</sub>O")
coef[2]=new Array(-2,-6,4,6)
cmpd[3]=new Array(2,"NH<sub>3</sub> ","O<sub>2</sub> ","H<sub>2</sub>O "," NO")
coef[3]=new Array(-4,-5,6,4)
cmpd[4]=new Array(2,"C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub> ","O<sub>2</sub> ","CO<sub>2</sub> ","H<sub>2</sub>O")
coef[4]=new Array(-2,-15,12,6)
cmpd[5]=new Array(2,"C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub> ","O<sub>2</sub> ","CO<sub>2</sub> ","H<sub>2</sub>O")
coef[5]=new Array(-1,-11,7,8)
cmpd[6]=new Array(2,"C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> ","O<sub>2</sub> ","CO<sub>2</sub> ","H<sub>2</sub>O")
coef[6]=new Array(-1,-5,3,4) 
cmpd[7]=new Array(2,"CN<sup>-</sup> ","H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> ","SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> ","HCN")
coef[7]=new Array(-2,-1,1,2)
cmpd[8]=new Array(2,"C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub> ","O<sub>2</sub> ","CO<sub>2</sub> ","H<sub>2</sub>O")
coef[8]=new Array(-2,-13,8,10)
cmpd[9]=new Array(2,"C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>","CO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[9]=new Array(-1,-8,6,6)
cmpd[10]=new Array(2,"CS<SUB>2</SUB>","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>","CCl<SUB>4</SUB>","S<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[10]=new Array(-1,-3,1,1)
cmpd[11]=new Array(2,"C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>10</SUB>O","O<SUB>2</SUB>","CO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[11]=new Array(-1,-6,4,5)
cmpd[12]=new Array(2,"N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","N<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[12]=new Array(-1,-2,1,4)
cmpd[13]=new Array(2,"H<SUB>2</SUB>S","O<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O","SO<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[13]=new Array(-2,-3,2,2)
cmpd[14]=new Array(2,"NH<SUB>3 </SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>","NO","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[14]=new Array(-4,-5,4,6)
cmpd[15]=new Array(2,"C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>","CO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[15]=new Array(-1,-3,2,2)
cmpd[16]=new Array(2,"PCl<SUB>3</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O","H<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>3</SUB>","HCl")
coef[16]=new Array(-1,-3,1,3)
cmpd[17]=new Array(2,"C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>","CO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[17]=new Array(-2,-9,6,6)
cmpd[18]=new Array(2,"C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>","CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[18]=new Array(-1,-3,3,3)
cmpd[19]=new Array(2,"F<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O","HF","O<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[19]=new Array(-2,-2,4,1)
cmpd[20]=new Array(2,"NH<SUB>3</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>","NO","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[20]=new Array(-4,-5,4,6)
cmpd[21]=new Array(2,"C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>O","O<SUB>2</SUB>","CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[21]=new Array(-2,-5,6,6)
cmpd[22]=new Array(2,"NO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O","HNO<SUB>3</SUB>","NO")
coef[22]=new Array(-3,-1,2,1)
cmpd[23]=new Array(2,"CH<SUB>4</SUB>","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>","HCl","CCl<SUB>4</SUB>")
coef[23]=new Array(-1,-4,4,1)
cmpd[24]=new Array(2,"CCl<SUB>4</SUB>","HF","CCl<SUB>2</SUB>F<SUB>2</SUB>","HCl")
coef[24]=new Array(-1,-2,1,2)
cmpd[25]=new Array(2,"H<SUB>2</SUB>S","O<SUB>2</SUB>","SO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[25]=new Array(-2,-3,2,2)
cmpd[26]=new Array(2,"CO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O","C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[26]=new Array(-3,-4,1,5)
cmpd[27]=new Array(2,"HNO<SUB>3</SUB>","NO","NO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[27]=new Array(-2,-1,3,1)
cmpd[28]=new Array(2,"N<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O","H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>","N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>")
coef[28]=new Array(-1,-4,2,1)
cmpd[29]=new Array(2,"NH<SUB>3</SUB>","CO<SUB>2</SUB>","CO(NH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[29]=new Array(-2,-1,1,1)
cmpd[30]=new Array(2,"H<SUB>2</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[30]=new Array(2,1,2)
cmpd[31]=new Array(2,"N<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>","NH<SUB>3</SUB>") 
coef[31]=new Array(-1,-3,2)
cmpd[32]=new Array(1,"CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH","CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[32]=new Array(-1,1,2)
cmpd[33]=new Array(2,"CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>","CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH")
coef[33]=new Array(-1,-2,1)
cmpd[34]=new Array(2,"NO","O<SUB>2</SUB>","NO<SUB>3</SUB>")
coef[34]=new Array(-1,-1,1)
cmpd[35]=new Array(1,"NO<SUB>3</SUB>","NO(g)","O<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[35]=new Array(-1,1,1)
cmpd[36]=new Array(2,"NO<SUB>3</SUB>","NO","NO<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[36]=new Array(-1,-1,2)
cmpd[37]=new Array(1,"NO<SUB>2</SUB>","NO<SUB>3</SUB>","NO")
coef[37]=new Array(-2,1,1)
cmpd[38]=new Array(2,"NO","O<SUB>2</SUB>","NO<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[38]=new Array(-2,-1,2)
cmpd[39]=new Array(2,"H<SUB>2</SUB>","ICl","I<SUB>2</SUB>","HCl")
coef[39]=new Array(-1,-2,1,2)
cmpd[40]=new Array(2,"I<SUB>2</SUB>","HCl","H<SUB>2</SUB>","ICl")
coef[40]=new Array(-1,-2,1,2)
cmpd[41]=new Array(2,"CO","NO","CO<SUB>2</SUB>","N<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[41]=new Array(-2,-2,2,1)
cmpd[42]=new Array(2,"CO<SUB>2</SUB>","N<SUB>2</SUB>","CO","NO")
coef[42]=new Array(-2,-1,2,2)
coef[43]=new Array(-2,-1,2)
cmpd[43]=new Array(2,"SO<SUB>2</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>","SO<SUB>3</SUB>")
cmpd[44]=new Array(1,"SO<SUB>3</SUB>","SO<SUB>2</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[44]=new Array(-2,2,1)
cmpd[45]=new Array(1,"H<SUB>2</SUB>O","CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[45]=new Array(-1,1,1)
cmpd[46]=new Array(1,"N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>","NO<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[46]=new Array(-1,2)
cmpd[47]=new Array(1,"NO<SUB>2</SUB>","N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>")
coef[47]=new Array(-2,1)
cmpd[48]=new Array(1,"Fe<sup>3+</sup>","Ag<sup>+</sup>","Fe<sup>2+</sup>")
coef[48]=new Array(-1,1,1)
cmpd[49]=new Array(2,"CS<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>","CH<SUB>4</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>S")
coef[49]=new Array(-1,-4,1,2)
cmpd[50]=new Array(2,"CH<SUB>4</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>S","CS<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[50]=new Array(-1,-2,1,4)
cmpd[51]=new Array(1,"Cl<SUB>2</SUB>","PCl<SUB>3</SUB>")
coef[51]=new Array(-3,2)
cmpd[52]=new Array(1,"PCl<SUB>3</SUB>","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[52]=new Array(-2,3)
cmpd[53]=new Array(2,"Cl<SUB>2</SUB>","F<SUB>2</SUB>","ClF<SUB>3</SUB>")
coef[53]=new Array(-1,-3,2)
cmpd[54]=new Array(1,"ClF<SUB>3</SUB>","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>","F<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[54]=new Array(-2,1,3)
cmpd[55]=new Array(1,"COF<SUB>2</SUB>","CO<SUB>2</SUB>","CF<SUB>4</SUB>")
coef[55]=new Array(-2,1,1)
cmpd[56]=new Array(2,"CO<SUB>2</SUB>","CF<SUB>4</SUB>","COF<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[56]=new Array(-1,-1,2)
cmpd[57]=new Array(2,"CO","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>","COCl<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[57]=new Array(-1,-1,1)
cmpd[58]=new Array(1,"COCl<SUB>2</SUB>","CO","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[58]=new Array(-1,1,1)
cmpd[59]=new Array(1,"PCl<SUB>5</SUB>","PCl<SUB>3</SUB>","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[59]=new Array(-1,1,1)
cmpd[60]=new Array(2,"PCl<SUB>3</SUB>","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>","PCl<SUB>5</SUB>")
coef[60]=new Array(-1,-1,1)
cmpd[61]=new Array(1,"CO","CO<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[61]=new Array(-2,1)
cmpd[62]=new Array(1,"N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>","N<SUB>2</SUB>O","O<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[62]=new Array(-2,2,3)
cmpd[63]=new Array(2,"CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>O","CO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[63]=new Array(-1,-1,1,1)
cmpd[64]=new Array(2,"CO<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>","CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[64]=new Array(-1,-1,1,1)
cmpd[65]=new Array(1,"SO<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>","SO<SUB>2</SUB>","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[65]=new Array(-1,1,1)
cmpd[66]=new Array(2,"SO<SUB>2</SUB>","Cl<SUB>2</SUB>","SO<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[66]=new Array(-1,-1,1)
cmpd[67]=new Array(2,"NO","Br<SUB>2</SUB>","NOBr")
coef[67]=new Array(-2,-1,2)
cmpd[68]=new Array(1,"NOBr","NO","Br<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[68]=new Array(-2,1,2)
cmpd[69]=new Array(2,"CH<SUB>4</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[69]=new Array(-1,-1,1,1)
cmpd[70]=new Array(2,"H<SUB>2</SUB>CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>O","CH<SUB>4</SUB>","O<SUB>2</SUB>")
coef[70]=new Array(-1,-1,1,1)
cmpd[71]=new Array(2,"H<SUB>2</SUB>S","SO<SUB>2</SUB>","S","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[71]=new Array(-2,-1,3,2)
cmpd[72]=new Array(2,"CO","H<SUB>2</SUB>","C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>","H<SUB>2</SUB>O")
coef[72]=new Array(-3,-7,1,3)
cmpd[73]=new Array(2,"C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub> ","O<sub>2</sub> ","CO<sub>2</sub> ","H<sub>2</sub>O")
coef[73]=new Array(-2,-25,16,18)
finish=new Array()
finish[1]="<br>use the rate constant and concentration(s) provided to calculate the reaction rate.<br>"
finish[2]="<br> use the rate and concentration(s) shown, to calculate the rate constant.<br>"
finish[3]="<br> use the information provided to calculate the concentration of "
finish[4]=new Array("<br>if the reaction rate for "," is ","<b>M-Sec<sup>-1</sup></b><br> what is the reaction rate for "," in <b>M-sec<sup>-1</sup></b>?")
basequest="Given the reaction and rate law shown below,"
ansphrase=new Array()
ansphrase[1]="Begin with the rate law, shown above. Substitute in the rate constant and the concentrations and, then, solve for the rate, being careful with your calculations. In particular, make sure that you raise the concentrations to the orders.<br>"
ansphrase[2]="Rearrange the rate law, above, to solve for k.  Substitute in the rate and concentrations provided. Solve for the rate, being careful with your calculations. In particular, make sure that you raise the concentrations to the orders.<br>"
ansphrase[3]="Rearrange the rate law, above, to solve for the missing concentration.  Substitute in the rate, rate constant and any other concentrations which might be needed. Solve for the concentration. If the order of the missing compound is greater than one, be certain to take the needed root.<br>"
ansphrase[4]="Relative reaction rates follow the reaction stoichiometry. Thus, set up the stoichiometric ratio between the involved species. Since reagent rates are negative, this can be shown by placing a '-' in front of the coefficient of any reagent. Then, rearrange the equation to solve for the missing rate. Make sure that your result makes sense. The species with the lesser coefficient should have a lesser rate. Reagent rates are negative.<br>"

//start program
function clear(){
	document.forms[0].results.value=""
	attempts=0
	tried=0
	kk=0
	clearansspot()
}
function startit(){
	option=0
	askconc=""
	clear()
	totl++
	document.forms[0].total.value=totl
	which=Math.ceil(73*Math.random())
	thereaction=getreaction(which)
	if(Math.random()>.5)constant=number(Math.ceil(1000*Math.random()),3,3);
	else constant=number(1/Math.ceil(1000*Math.random()),3,1);
	law=ratelaw(which)
	getconcs(order)
	getrates(order)
	buildquest(order)
	}
function getreaction(g){
	cef=new Array()
	thereaction=""
	for(var b=0;b<coef[which].length;b++){
		(Math.abs(coef[which][b])==1)?cef[b]="":cef[b]=Math.abs(coef[which][b]);
	}
	for(var l=1;l<=cmpd[which][0];l++){
		l<cmpd[which][0]?thereaction+=(cef[l-1]+cmpd[which][l]+" + "):thereaction+=(cef[l-1]+cmpd[which][l]+"=>");
	}
	for(var l=(cmpd[which][0]+1);l<cmpd[which].length;l++){
		l<(cmpd[which].length-1)?thereaction+=(cef[l-1]+cmpd[which][l]+" + "):thereaction+=(cef[l-1]+cmpd[which][l]);
	}
	return thereaction
}
function ratelaw(which){
	seq=""
	order=new Array()
	law="Rate=k"
	torder=0
	while(torder==0){
	for(var j=1;j<=cmpd[which][0];j++){
		order[j]=Math.floor(3*Math.random());
		if(order[j]>0){
			seq+=("["+cmpd[which][j]+"]");
			if(order[j]>1)seq+=("<sup>"+order[j]+"</sup>");
		}
	torder+=order[j]
	}
	}
	law+=seq
	return law
}
function getconcs(order){
	conc=new Array()
	j=1
	for(var j=1;j<order.length;j++){
		if(order[j]>0){
			conc[j]=0
			while(conc[j]<.01)conc[j]=number(Math.random(),3,3);
		}
	}
}	
function getrates(order){
	rate=new Array()
	rate[0]=constant
	for(var j=0;j<order.length;j++){
		if(order[j]==1)rate[0]=rate[0]*conc[j];

		if(order[j]==2)rate[0]=rate[0]*conc[j]*conc[j];
	}
	rate[0]=number(rate[0],3,3)
	for(var j=1;j<=coef[which].length;j++)rate[j]=number(rate[0]*coef[which][j-1],3,3);
}
function buildquest(order){
	conclist="<br>"
	count=0
	used=new Array()
	for(j=1;j<=order.length;j++){
			if(order[j]>0){
			used[used.length]=j
			conclist+=(cmpd[which][j]+"<b>:</b>"+conc[j]+"<b>M</b><br>");
		}	
	}
	if(used.length==1)drop=0;
	else drop=Math.floor(used.length*Math.random());
	leaveout=used[drop];
	partlist="<br>"
	for(j=1;j<=order.length;j++){
		if(order[j]>0){
			if(j!=leaveout)partlist+=(cmpd[which][j]+"<b>:</b>"+conc[j]+"<b>M</b><br>");
		}
	}
	given=Math.ceil(Math.random()*coef[which].length);
	get=given
	while(get==given)get=Math.ceil(Math.random()*coef[which].length);	
	option=Math.ceil(4*Math.random()) 
	if(option==1){thequest=basequest+"<br>"+thereaction+"<br>"+law+finish[option]+"k="+constant+conclist;anser=rate[0]}
	if(option==2){thequest=basequest+"<br>"+thereaction+"<br>"+law+finish[option]+"Rate="+rate[0]+"<b>M</b>sec<sup>-1</sup>"+conclist;anser=constant}
	if(option==3){thequest=basequest+"<br>"+thereaction+"<br>"+law+finish[option]+cmpd[which][leaveout]+"<BR>k="+constant+"<br>Rate="+rate[0]+"<b>M</b>sec<sup>-1</sup>"+partlist;anser=conc[leaveout]}
	if(option==4){thequest=basequest+"<br>"+thereaction+"<br>"+law+finish[option][0]+cmpd[which][given]+finish[option][1]+rate[given]+finish[option][2]+cmpd[which][get]+finish[option][3];anser=rate[get]}
	buildanswer(option)
	showquest(thequest) 
}
function buildanswer(option){
	formula=getform(option)
	theanswer=ansphrase[option]+formula
}
function getform(option){
	formula=""
	if(option==1){
		formula=(law+"<br>"+constant)
		for(var j=0;j<order.length;j++){
			if(order[j]==1)formula+=("("+conc[j]+")");
			if(order[j]==2) formula+=("("+conc[j]+")<sup>2</sup>");
		}
	}
	if(option==2){
		formula=("k=Rate/"+seq+"<br>"+rate[0]+"/")
		for(var j=0;j<order.length;j++){
			if(order[j]==1)formula+=("("+conc[j]+")");
			if(order[j]==2) formula+=("("+conc[j]+")<sup>2</sup>");
		}
	}
	if(option==3){
		if(order[leaveout]==1) formula="["+cmpd[which][leaveout]+"]=Rate/k";
		else formula="["+cmpd[which][leaveout]+"]<sup>2</sup>=Rate/k";
		for(var j=0;j<order.length;j++){
			if(j!=leaveout){
			if(order[j]==1)formula+=("["+cmpd[which][j]+"]");
			if(order[j]==2) formula+=("["+cmpd[which][j]+"]<sup>2</sup>");
			}
		}
		formula+="<br>"
		formula+=(rate[0]+"/"+constant)
		for(var j=0;j<order.length;j++){
			if(j!=leaveout){
			if(order[j]==1)formula+=("("+conc[j]+")");
			if(order[j]==2) formula+=("("+conc[j]+")<sup>2</sup>");
			}
		}
	}
	if(option==4){
		formula=cmpd[which][get]+"/"+cmpd[which][given]+"="+coef[which][get-1]+"/"+coef[which][given-1]+"<br>"
		formula+=rate[given]+"*"+coef[which][get-1]+"/"+coef[which][given-1]
		}
	formula+=("="+anser)
	return formula
}

function answer(ans){
	if(tried==1)alert("You've done this one. Get a new Problem!");	
	else{
	if(tried==2){totl++
		document.forms[0].total.value=totl}
	if(anser<0){
		if(ans<.95*anser & ans>1.05*anser)kk=1;
	}
	else{
		if(ans<1.05*anser & ans>.95*anser)kk=1;
	}
	if(kk==1){
		document.forms[0].results.value="correct"
		corrt++
		document.forms[0].correct.value=corrt
		tried=1
	}
	else{
		document.forms[0].results.value="incorrect"
		tried=2
	}
}}